Which type of shock results from loss of autonomic vascular tone with pooling of blood in peripheral vessels?

• A. Hypovolemic shock
• B. Septic shock
• C. Neurogenic shock
• D. Cardiogenic shock

Answer: (C)

Loss of sympathetic vascular tone causes widespread dilation of blood vessels, so blood pools in the peripheral venous system and return to the heart decreases. This drop in venous return lowers preload and cardiac output, producing shock. This pattern is characteristic of neurogenic shock, which can occur when autonomic control is disrupted (such as after certain spinal injuries or anesthesia). It differs from hypovolemic shock, which is due to actual blood volume loss; septic shock, which involves infection-triggered vasodilation and capillary leak; and cardiogenic shock, which stems from the heart’s reduced pumping ability. In neurogenic shock you may see hypotension with bradycardia and warm, dry skin due to unopposed vasodilation.